Overview: Used Truck Wheels for Global Markets

INDUSTRIAL SPECIFICATION REPORT 2026: EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Subject: Refurbished Heavy-Duty Truck Fleet Solutions (Focus: Mining, Logistics, Construction Applications)

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1.0 Clarification & Scope

Note: “Used truck wheels” is interpreted contextually as refurbished heavy-duty truck platforms (chassis, drivetrain, axle assemblies, and integrated wheel systems), consistent with SEA LION International’s core business of whole-vehicle export and refurbishment. Standalone wheel components fall outside this report’s scope.

This overview details the operational and economic rationale for deploying professionally refurbished SINOTRUK, SHACMAN, and XCMG truck platforms within mining, logistics, and construction fleets across Africa, Russia, and Southeast Asia (SEA). SEA LION International leverages 18+ years of heavy truck export expertise to deliver cost-optimized, field-proven assets meeting stringent industrial demands.

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2.0 Core Value Proposition for Target Sectors

Refurbished SEA LION trucks address critical pain points in capital-intensive industries:

Sector	Primary Application	Key Operational Challenge Solved by SEA LION Fleet Solutions
Mining	Haulage (Ore, Overburden)	Sustained payload capacity (40-60T) on unimproved roads; reduced downtime via corrosion-resistant undercarriage refurbishment.
Construction	Aggregate Transport, Site Logistics	Rapid deployment on soft/uneven terrain; compatibility with common regional attachments (e.g., rock buckets, lowboys).
Logistics	Long-Haul & Regional Freight	Fuel efficiency (post-refurbishment engine calibration); reliability on low-infrastructure corridors (e.g., unpaved rural routes).

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3.0 Regional Preference Drivers: Africa, Russia, Southeast Asia

Market dominance of SEA LION’s refurbished fleets stems from region-specific engineering resilience and total cost of ownership (TCO) optimization, validated across 500+ deployments annually:

Region	Dominant Operational Demand	Why SEA LION Refurbished Trucks Are Preferred	TCO Impact (Est.)
Africa	Extreme dust, high ambient temps (>45°C), poor road surfaces	Reinforced air filtration; thermal management upgrades; axle/wheel hub rebuilds to ISO 14001 standards. Chinese OEMs’ design inherently accommodates low-infrastructure use.	↓ 35-40% vs. new EU equivalents
Russia	Sub-zero temps (-40°C), remote site access	Cold-start systems (engine pre-heaters, battery upgrades); driveline lubricant compatibility; reinforced suspension for permafrost terrain. SHACMAN’s Arctic-spec variants dominate refurbished inventory.	↓ 28-32% vs. new Western OEMs
SEA	High humidity, monsoon conditions, weight restrictions	Anti-corrosion treatment (chassis, wheel wells); electrical system sealing; payload-optimized configurations (e.g., 8×4 SINOTRUK HOWO for rice transport).	↓ 30-37% vs. new Japanese OEMs

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4.0 SEA LION’s Differentiation: Beyond Basic Refurbishment

Our 18-year specialization ensures industrial-grade reliability, directly addressing fleet managers’ top concerns:

• Authorized OEM Partnership: Sole access to genuine SINOTRUK/SHACMAN/XCMG spare parts, guaranteeing component compatibility and longevity (e.g., refurbished wheel hubs use OEM-spec bearings).
• Process Rigor: 127-point refurbishment protocol (ISO 9001-certified), including dynamometer-tested engine rebuilds and non-destructive axle/wheel assembly inspections.
• Transparency: Digital refurbishment logs (accessible via client portal) detailing replaced components, including wheel/tire specifications (e.g., 12.00R20 Michelin XZL retreads).
• Logistics Integration: End-to-end RO-RO/container solutions with port-to-site delivery, critical for remote mining/logistics hubs.

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5.0 Strategic Recommendation

For fleet managers and construction firms in target regions, SEA LION’s refurbished trucks represent the optimal balance of ruggedness, operational readiness, and TCO reduction. The proven suitability for Africa’s dust, Russia’s cold, and SEA’s humidity—coupled with genuine parts assurance—mitigates procurement risk while maximizing asset uptime. This model supports long-term partnerships through predictable performance and scalable fleet renewal, directly aligning with industrial operational continuity goals.

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Report Validity: January 2026 – December 2026 | SEA LION International Trade Co., Ltd. – Industrial Asset Solutions Division

Technical Specifications & Parameters

Industrial Specification Report 2026

Subject: Technical Specifications for Used Truck Wheels – Heavy-Duty Application
Prepared For: Fleet Managers & Construction Companies
Issuing Authority: SEA LION International – Vehicle Systems Division

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Overview

This report provides standardized technical specifications for used truck wheels in active commercial fleets, focusing on compatibility with common heavy-duty powertrain configurations prevalent in construction and bulk transport sectors. The data is derived from field assessments of refurbished and second-life commercial trucks operating in high-load environments. Emphasis is placed on drivetrain synergy, load capacity, tire performance, and fuel efficiency metrics.

All specifications are applicable to 6×4 rigid and tractor configurations commonly equipped with Weichai WD615-series engines and HW19710 transmissions, widely deployed across Asia, Africa, and Latin American markets.

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Technical Specifications: Used Truck Wheel Systems (Typical Configuration)

Parameter	Specification Detail
Engine Model	Weichai WD615.62 / WD615.69 (Euro II / Euro III Compliant)
Horsepower (HP)	336 HP @ 2,200 rpm (WD615.62) 371 HP @ 2,200 rpm (WD615.69)
Transmission	HW19710 – 10-Speed Manual Synchromesh Front: 2H/4H, Gear Ratios: 1st = 12.85, 10th = 0.78
Drive Axle Configuration	Twin Reduction Rear Axles (Typical Ratio: 5.73:1 or 5.92:1)
Axle Load Rating	Front Axle: 7,000 kg Tandem Rear Axles: 18,000 kg (Total: 32,000 kg GAWR)
Tire Specification	12.00R20 – Radial or Bias-Ply (Load Range G) Load Index: 152/148 (Single/ Dual) Max Load: 5,000 kg per dual set
Rim Type	8.00-20 Cast Steel or Forged Alloy, 8-Lug Pattern (330 mm PCD)
Brake System	Drum Brakes (410×180 mm) – S-Cam Actuated, Automatic Slack Adjusters
GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating)	31,000 – 32,000 kg (Dependent on chassis reinforcement and suspension type)
Fuel Efficiency (Loaded)	28–32 L/100 km (on mixed terrain, avg. 40-ton payload, 70% highway / 30% off-road)

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Load Capacity Analysis

The 12.00R20 tire, when mounted on reinforced 8-lug steel rims and paired with tandem 18-ton rated axles, supports a maximum distributed load of 40 metric tons under controlled operating conditions. This includes:

• Even weight distribution across all axles
• Proper inflation (95–100 psi for dual applications)
• Use of spring or multi-leaf suspension systems (standard in construction variants)

Key Load Constraints:
– Single tire max load: 3,750 kg (Load Range G)
– Dual assembly per position: 5,000 kg
– Total tire system capacity (6 dual positions): 30,000 kg
– Axle and chassis limitations govern overall GVW, not tire alone

Note: Used wheel assemblies must be inspected for rim warping, stud fatigue, and bead seat wear. Cracks near lug holes or oxidation in valve stems indicate replacement necessity.

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Fuel Efficiency Considerations

Fuel economy is directly influenced by drivetrain integration and rolling resistance:

Factor	Impact on Fuel Efficiency
Engine-Transmission Match	WD615 + HW19710 provides optimal torque curve (1,100–1,400 rpm) for gradeability and cruise efficiency
Tire Rolling Resistance	Worn 12.00R20 (tread depth < 4mm) increases fuel consumption by 3–5%
Axle Gear Ratio	5.73:1 favors highway economy; 5.92:1 preferred for off-road hauling
Vehicle Uptime	Well-maintained used wheel systems reduce parasitic drag, improving fuel efficiency up to 4%

Average fuel consumption under full load (38–40 tons):
– Highway: 28–30 L/100 km
– Mixed (On/Off-Road): 30–32 L/100 km
– Fully Off-Road (Gravel/Clay): 34–38 L/100 km

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Recommendations for Fleet Managers

1. Inspection Protocol: Implement quarterly audits of wheel assemblies focusing on:
2. Rim roundness and bolt hole integrity
3. Tire tread depth and casing condition

4. Hub seal leakage and bearing play

5. Refurbishment Standards: Refurbished wheels should meet ISO 9001:2015-aligned criteria, including dynamic balancing and ultrasonic testing of critical weld zones.

6. Load Optimization: Match tire and axle ratings to typical payload. Overloading beyond 90% of GAWR reduces tire life by up to 40%.

7. Fuel Monitoring: Integrate telematics to track fuel use vs. load and terrain—identify underperforming units for wheel or drivetrain servicing.

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Conclusion:
Used truck wheel systems, when properly maintained and matched to the WD615/HW19710 drivetrain and 12.00R20 tire standard, offer reliable performance in high-load construction and transport operations. Emphasis on load compliance, tire health, and drivetrain harmony ensures operational efficiency and extended service life. SEA LION International recommends adherence to the above specifications for optimal fleet ROI in 2026 and beyond.

Quality Control & Inspection Standards

SEA LION INTERNATIONAL

INDUSTRIAL SPECIFICATION REPORT: USED TRUCK REFURBISHMENT PROGRAM
Document ID: SL-REFURB-TRK-2026-01
Effective Date: 01 January 2026
Target Audience: Fleet Managers, Construction Equipment Procurement Officers, Heavy-Duty Vehicle Operations Directors

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

SEA LION International’s Certified Refurbished Truck Program delivers Tier-1 operational readiness for used heavy-duty trucks (Class 8, 6×4 configurations), targeting 95%+ residual asset value retention. This report details the mandatory 4-phase refurbishment protocol, engineered to meet ISO 39001:2023 safety management standards and exceed OEM rebuild specifications. All units undergo 127-point validation prior to certification, ensuring ≤0.8% in-field failure rate (2025 fleet data).

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2. REFURBISHMENT PROCESS: TECHNICAL PROTOCOL

SEA LION mandates sequential execution of the following phases. Non-conformance at any stage halts progression until corrective action is verified. All inspections utilize calibrated NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) equipment per ASTM E1444/E3024 standards.

PHASE 1: ENGINE & GEARBOX TESTING

Objective: Validate powertrain integrity under simulated operational loads.

Test Parameter	SEA LION Standard	Acceptance Threshold	Verification Method
Crankcase Pressure	0.5 psi max deviation from baseline	< 0.3 psi	Digital pressure transducer (0.01 psi resolution)
Gearbox Oil Contamination	ISO 4406:2022 Code ≤ 18/16/13	≤ 16/14/11	Laser particle counter (per SAE J400)
Torque Curve Consistency	±2.5% deviation from OEM spec (full RPM range)	±1.8%	Dynamometer sweep (SAE J1349 Ed. 3)
Bearing Vibration	< 3.5 mm/s RMS (ISO 10816-3)	< 2.8 mm/s RMS	Triaxial accelerometer (10-1,000 Hz)

Process Flow:
1. Cold-start diagnostics (oil temp < 10°C)
2. Load bank testing at 75%/100% rated torque (30-min cycles)
3. Spectrographic oil analysis (wear metals: Fe, Cu, Al < 50 ppm)
4. Failure Protocol: Components exceeding thresholds undergo teardown; crankshafts/gear sets replaced if geometric tolerances exceed 0.05mm runout.

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PHASE 2: CABIN REPAINTING

Objective: Restore structural corrosion resistance and operator ergonomics.

Stage	SEA LION Procedure	Quality Gate
Surface Prep	Grit blasting to SA 2.5 (ISO 8501-1); zinc phosphate conversion coating	Adhesion test: ≥ 5.0 MPa (ASTM D4541)
Primer Application	E-coat cathodic dip (25μm min); 20-min IR cure @ 180°C	Film thickness: 22-28μm (magnetic gauge)
Topcoat	2K polyurethane (RAL 7040/3020); 60μm DFT	Gloss retention: ≥ 85% @ 60° (after 500h QUV)
Post-Process	VOC emissions < 150 g/L (EPA Method 24)	Pinhole detection via UV fluorescence

Critical Notes:
– All weld seams resealed with butyl tape (3M™ VHB™ J4206) prior to painting.
– HVAC ducting disassembled; antimicrobial treatment applied per ISO 16000-17.

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PHASE 3: NEW TIRES & BATTERY REPLACEMENT

Objective: Eliminate rolling resistance inefficiencies and electrical system failures.

Component	SEA LION Specification	Validation
Tires	Michelin X Multi Energy™ Z (295/75R22.5); dual-fitment only	Load index: 152/148; tread depth ≥ 14/32″
Wheels	Refurbished steel rims: 22.5×8.25; magnaflux inspected	Runout: ≤ 1.5mm (SAE J1200)
Batteries	HOPPECKE Ca/Ca AGM (8D); 1,200 CCA min	Conductance test: ≥ 95% rated capacity
Electrical	Full harness continuity check; voltage drop < 0.2V across circuits	ISO 10605 ESD compliance verified

Process Flow:
1. Wheel hubs cleaned; torque-to-yield fasteners replaced.
2. TPMS sensors calibrated to ±2 psi accuracy.
3. Batteries load-tested at 50% rated capacity for 15 mins.

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PHASE 4: CHASSIS REINFORCEMENT

Objective: Restore structural rigidity for construction-site payloads (≥ 80,000 lbs GVWR).

Reinforcement Zone	SEA LION Methodology	Performance Metric
Frame Rails	Laser-cut A572 Gr. 50 steel plates (10mm); MIG welds (ER70S-6)	Deflection: ≤ 1.2mm @ 50kN (SAE J2047)
Crossmembers	Replaced if corrosion depth > 15% base metal; new brackets welded	Torque resistance: +22% vs OEM baseline
Suspension Mounts	Reinforced with gusset plates; bushings replaced with polyurethane	Fatigue life: 500k cycles (ISO 16750-3)

Critical Notes:
– All welds inspected via phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT); reject rate: 0.12% (2025 data).
– Post-weld stress relief: 600°C furnace bake for 2 hours (per AWS D1.1).

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3. SEA LION INSPECTION STANDARDS: DIFFERENTIATORS

Our protocol exceeds industry norms through:
– Mandatory Triple-Point Verification: Each critical component inspected by 3 technicians (discrepancy triggers Level 3 engineering review).
– Digital Twin Integration: As-built geometry scanned via FARO® Arm; deviations > 3mm from OEM CAD model require corrective action.
– Construction-Specific Validation:
– 10-hour simulated pothole test (SAE J1211) on chassis.
– Hydraulic leak testing at 150% rated pressure (ISO 4413).
– Certification Threshold: Units must achieve ≥ 98.5% score on SEA LION’s Reliability Index (SL-RI-2026) to receive “Certified Refurbished” status.

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4. OPERATIONAL IMPACT FOR FLEET MANAGERS

Metric	SEA LION Refurbished Unit	Industry Average Refurb	New Unit Equivalent
Mean Time Between Failures	8,200 hours	5,100 hours	9,500 hours
Downtime Reduction	37% vs. non-certified used	12% vs. non-certified used	Baseline
5-Year TCO	22% lower than new	8% lower than new	$1.0M (baseline)

Note: TCO modeled for 100k miles/year operation in aggregate hauling (2026 USD).

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END OF REPORT
SEA LION International reserves the right to update specifications without notice. All data reflects 2025 operational benchmarks. Refurbishment compliance audited quarterly by TÜV Rheinland (Certificate No. TR-REF-2026-SEA).

Shipping & Logistics Solutions

Industrial Specification Report 2026

Prepared for: Fleet Managers & Construction Companies
Subject: Logistics Solutions for Exporting Used Truck Wheels from China
Issuing Authority: SEA LION International – Global Logistics Engineering Division
Date: January 15, 2026

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Executive Summary

This report evaluates three primary maritime transport methods—Roll-on/Roll-off (RO-RO), Bulk Cargo, and Flat Rack container shipping—for the export of used truck wheels from Chinese ports to global destinations. The analysis focuses on cost-efficiency, handling safety, corrosion protection, and operational scalability. Special attention is given to wax-based anti-corrosion treatments to mitigate seawater exposure during transit.

Used truck wheels (steel and aluminum alloys) are susceptible to saltwater-induced degradation. Proper handling, packaging, and in-transit protection are critical to maintaining residual value and compliance with international import standards.

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1. Transport Method Comparison

Parameter	RO-RO (Roll-on/Roll-off)	Bulk Cargo (Loose Stowage)	Flat Rack Container
Cargo Type Suitability	Wheeled units (mounted)	Loose, non-containerized	Heavy, oversized, non-standard
Loading Mechanism	Driven/rolled onto vessel	Crane/shovel loading	Forklift/crane onto flat deck
Stowage Density	Moderate	High	Low to Moderate
Port Infrastructure	RO-RO terminals required	General cargo terminals	Container terminals
Transit Time (Avg)	22–30 days (Asia-Europe)	25–35 days	24–32 days
Risk of Damage	Low (secured by lashing)	High (shifting, abrasion)	Moderate (exposure to elements)
Cost per TEU Equivalent	$1,850–$2,200	$1,400–$1,700	$2,600–$3,100
Security	High (sealed ramps, tracking)	Low (open hold access)	Moderate (lashing + seals)
Best For	Wheel assemblies on axles	High-volume scrap metal lots	Large-diameter or custom wheels

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2. Corrosion Protection: Wax Spraying Protocol

Used truck wheels are exposed to high-humidity and salt-laden environments during sea transit. To prevent oxidation and pitting, SEA LION International mandates the application of hydrophobic synthetic wax spray prior to shipment.

Wax Spraying Specifications:

Property	Requirement
Wax Type	Solvent-based, non-residue synthetic polymer
Thickness (Dry Film)	25–35 µm
Salt Spray Resistance	ASTM B117: 500+ hours no red rust
Application Method	Automated spray booth with HVLP nozzles
Drying Time (Ambient)	15–20 minutes
Coverage Rate	8–10 m² per liter
Removability	Biodegradable solvent or alkaline wash

Note: Wax treatment is mandatory for all export shipments originating from coastal Chinese ports (e.g., Shanghai, Ningbo, Qingdao) due to high ambient salinity.

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3. Method-Specific Recommendations

3.1 RO-RO Shipping

• Advantages:
• Minimal handling damage.
• Fast turnaround at load/discharge ports.
• Integrated lashing systems reduce shift risk.
• Limitations:
• Requires wheels to be mounted or palletized on rolling skids.
• Higher cost vs. bulk.
• Recommended Use: High-value alloy wheels; shipments with OEM traceability.

3.2 Bulk Cargo

• Advantages:
• Lowest cost per ton.
• Suitable for scrap-grade steel wheels.
• Limitations:
• High exposure to moisture and physical impact.
• No individual unit protection.
• Import rejection risk due to corrosion.
• Recommended Use: Downcycled steel wheels destined for smelting; low-margin operations.

3.3 Flat Rack Containers

• Advantages:
• Accommodates oversized or damaged rims.
• Allows full wax coverage and ventilation.
• Containerized security and tracking.
• Limitations:
• Higher freight cost.
• Requires dunnage and corner casting lashing.
• Recommended Use: Premium reconditioned wheels; markets with strict import inspections (EU, North America).

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4. Operational Workflow (China Export)

1. Pre-Shipment Inspection – Verify structural integrity; reject cracked or excessively corroded units.
2. Degreasing & Drying – Alkaline wash followed by hot-air drying (80°C, 10 min).
3. Wax Application – Full-surface spray; focus on bolt holes, inner barrel, and valve stem areas.
4. Packaging – Palletize in stacks of 8–10; secure with steel strapping.
5. Loading Method Assignment – Based on destination, volume, and wheel class.
6. Vessel Stowage – Top-deck placement avoided for Flat Rack; RO-RO units secured per ISO Lashing Code.

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5. Cost-Benefit Summary

Method	Initial Cost	Corrosion Risk	Throughput	Residual Value Retention
RO-RO	High	Low	Medium	High (≥92%)
Bulk Cargo	Low	Very High	High	Low (≤65%)
Flat Rack	Very High	Low–Moderate	Low	Very High (≥95%)

Recommendation: For fleet managers prioritizing asset recovery value, Flat Rack with wax protection is optimal. For volume-driven scrap exports, Bulk Cargo with minimal wax may be acceptable, provided end-use is non-reconditioning.

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6. Compliance & Standards

All shipments must comply with:
– IMO IMSBC Code (for bulk metal scrap)
– CTU Code (Cargo Transport Unit) for Flat Rack and RO-RO units
– China MOC Export Packaging Regulations (2025 Amendment)
– EU REACH – Wax formulation must be SVHC-free

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Conclusion

The selection of shipping method for used truck wheels from China must balance cost, risk, and end-market requirements. RO-RO and Flat Rack systems, when combined with industrial-grade wax spraying, offer superior protection and value retention. Bulk cargo remains viable only for non-reusable scrap.

SEA LION International recommends wax-treated Flat Rack shipments for high-integrity wheels and RO-RO for rolling assemblies. Bulk transport should be restricted to non-recoverable units with full disclosure to downstream processors.

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End of Report
SEA LION International – Engineering Division, 2026