Overview: Sapaugh Used Trucks for Global Markets

INDUSTRIAL SPECIFICATION REPORT 2026: EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Subject: SINOTRUK Refurbished Heavy-Duty Truck Fleet Deployment for Mining, Logistics & Construction
Prepared For: Fleet Managers & Construction Operations Leadership
Issuing Authority: SEA LION International Trade Co., Ltd.

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1. EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

SEA LION International presents a strategic analysis of refurbished SINOTRUK heavy-duty truck platforms (6×4, 8×4 configurations) for critical deployment in mining haulage, bulk logistics, and large-scale construction operations across high-demand emerging markets. Following 18+ years of specialized focus in heavy truck export and lifecycle management, our data confirms these platforms deliver optimal Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and operational resilience where infrastructure volatility, fuel constraints, and capital efficiency are paramount.

This report validates why SEA LION-refurbished SINOTRUK units are the preferred operational asset in Africa, Russia, and Southeast Asia. Our rigorous refurbishment protocol—exceeding OEM core component standards—and integrated global support network directly address the unique environmental, logistical, and economic challenges inherent to these regions.

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2. CORE APPLICATIONS & PERFORMANCE ADVANTAGE

Refurbished SINOTRUK trucks (HOWO, Sitrak series) are engineered for mission-critical roles:

Application Sector	Primary Use Case	Key Performance Metrics Addressed by SEA LION Refurbishment
Mining	Overburden haulage, ore transport	Axle/torque capacity (≥ 30,000 Nm), reinforced chassis, enhanced cooling for 45°C+ ambient
Bulk Logistics	Inter-city freight, port drayage	Fuel efficiency (≤ 28L/100km @ 35t), transmission durability (300k+ km verified)
Construction	Aggregate transport, site logistics	Off-road traction (locking differentials), payload stability (40t+ GVWR)

Refurbishment includes dyno-tested engines, OEM-certified brake systems, and structural integrity validation per ISO 3833 standards.

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3. REGIONAL PREFERENCE: AFRICA, RUSSIA, SOUTHEAST ASIA

Market dominance stems from proven adaptability to localized operational extremes and SEA LION’s integrated support model:

Region	Critical Demand Drivers	SEA LION Value Proposition
Africa	Unpaved terrain (70%+ routes), extreme dust, limited service infrastructure	Dust-sealed cabs, reinforced suspension, localized spare parts depots (Johannesburg, Nairobi) ensuring >95% parts availability within 72h
Russia	Sub-zero operations (-40°C), remote sites, GOST compliance	Arctic-spec engine pre-heaters, GOST-R certified electrical systems, Siberian logistics hubs (Novosibirsk) for winterized RO-RO delivery
Southeast Asia	High humidity, monsoon conditions, cost-sensitive TCO	Corrosion-resistant undercarriage, monsoon-optimized braking, modular payment plans reducing capex by 40-60% vs. new equivalents

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4. SEA LION OPERATIONAL DIFFERENTIATION

Our 18-year specialization delivers industrial-grade reliability where generic “used truck” suppliers fail:

• Refurbishment Standard: 127-point technical audit; critical components (engine, transmission, axles) rebuilt to SINOTRUK OEM specs using original spare parts only.
• Transparency Protocol: Full digital service history, pre-shipment inspection reports (BV/SGS), and 6-month/60,000km warranty.
• Partnership Model: Dedicated regional technical teams, containerized spare parts kits pre-positioned at client sites, and RO-RO logistics minimizing port dwell time.

Key Insight: Fleet managers in target markets prioritize uptime certainty over initial purchase price. SEA LION-refurbished units achieve 92% operational availability (vs. industry avg. 78%) by eliminating the “used truck risk” through industrialized refurbishment and localized support.

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5. CONCLUSION

For fleet managers operating in Africa, Russia, or Southeast Asia, SEA LION-refurbished SINOTRUK trucks represent the optimal balance of rugged capability, lifecycle cost control, and operational certainty. Our engineered refurbishment process transforms high-potential used assets into industrial-grade equipment validated for extreme environments, directly supporting project continuity and ROI in capital-intensive sectors. Partnering with SEA LION mitigates the risks of secondary-market procurement while delivering the performance expected from a primary OEM channel.

This report reflects SEA LION International’s commitment to data-driven solutions for heavy equipment deployment. Specifications subject to model-year validation.

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END OF EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
SEA LION International Trade Co., Ltd. — Industrial Asset Lifecycle Management Since 2006

Technical Specifications & Parameters

Industrial Specification Report 2026

Prepared for Fleet Managers & Construction Companies
Subject: Technical Evaluation of SAPAUGH Used Trucks – Model Year 2022–2025 Refurbished Units

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This report provides a detailed technical specification analysis of SAPAUGH used heavy-duty trucks currently available in the secondary market. These units are primarily configured for on/off-highway construction, aggregate haulage, and regional freight logistics. All data reflects post-refurbishment standards per SEA LION International’s reconditioning protocols.

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Technical Specifications – SAPAUGH Heavy-Duty Truck Series (Refurbished Units)

Parameter	Specification
Engine Model	Weichai WD615.69 / WD615.87 (Euro III / V Compliant, Post-Refurbishment)
Displacement	9.726 L (6-cylinder, in-line, water-cooled, turbocharged & intercooled)
Horsepower (HP)	336 HP @ 2,200 rpm (WD615.69) 375 HP @ 2,200 rpm (WD615.87)
Peak Torque	1,250 N·m @ 1,400–1,600 rpm
Transmission	Fast Gear HW19710 – 10-Speed Manual (Double H-Shift, Fully Synchronized)
Gear Ratios	1st: 13.21, 10th: 0.78, Reverse: 12.84 (Close-ratio for gradeability & control)
Front Axle Load	7,000 kg (15,432 lbs) – Reinforced I-Beam, Drum Brakes (380 mm)
Rear Axle Load	13,000 kg × 2 (26,000 kg total) – Dual Reduction, Spiral Bevel Gear (HC160)
Axle Ratio	5.83 (Standard), 5.26 (Optional for highway optimization)
Tire Specifications	12.00R20 20PR Steel Radial – Tubeless Load Range: F (15,200 kg per axle)
Braking System	Full Air Brake (S-Cam, Dual Circuit), ABS, Exhaust Brake (Integrated)
GVWR	40,000 kg (88,185 lbs)
Fuel Tank Capacity	400 L (Dual Tanks – Optional 600 L for long-haul variants)

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Fuel Efficiency Analysis

Fuel consumption is measured under standardized load and terrain conditions (30% grade, 60 km/h cruise, 35-ton payload):

Configuration	Avg. Fuel Consumption (Loaded)	Operating Condition
WD615.69 + HW19710	32 L/100 km	On/Off-Road Mixed (Gravel/Dirt)
WD615.87 + HW19710	34 L/100 km	Heavy Haul (Quarry/Excavation)
Optimized Highway Spec	28 L/100 km	30-ton payload, flat terrain

Notes:
– Fuel efficiency is enhanced via recalibrated ECU mapping and cleaned/reconditioned high-pressure fuel pumps.
– Use of low-rolling-resistance 12.00R20 tires contributes to ~4% improvement in fuel economy over older bias-ply equivalents.
– Cold-flow performance validated for operation down to -20°C with standard #0 diesel (additive recommended in winter).

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Load Capacity & Structural Endurance

SAPAUGH trucks are engineered for high-cycle construction logistics:

• Maximum Payload Capacity: 30,000–32,000 kg (dependent on body configuration and regional regulations)
• Frame Rails: 8 mm thick, high-tensile steel (Q345), reinforced at suspension mounts and fifth wheel
• Suspension: Multi-Leaf Parabolic Spring (Front: 9 leaves, Rear: 12 leaves) – Rated for 10,000 cycles at 120% dynamic load
• Fifth Wheel Rating: Jost 3.5″ – 20,000 kg (44,092 lbs) vertical load capacity

These units have demonstrated reliability in aggregate haulage (crusher runs, sand, and gravel) with average utilization of 6,000 km/month over 18-month field trials.

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Refurbishment Standards (SEA LION Certified)

All units undergo:
– Engine rebuild with new pistons, liners, valves, and turbocharger reconditioning
– Transmission overhaul with synchro ring replacement and bearing refresh
– Axle differential oil replaced with 85W-140 GL-5 (high-shear stability)
– Full chassis inspection and stress-point ultrasonic testing

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Conclusion

SAPAUGH used trucks equipped with the Weichai WD615 engine and HW19710 transmission offer a cost-effective, durable solution for medium- to heavy-duty construction fleets. With proven load capacity up to 32 tons and acceptable fuel efficiency for off-road cycles, these units provide strong ROI in high-utilization environments. Proper maintenance scheduling and adherence to load limits are recommended to maximize service life beyond 800,000 km.

SEA LION International – Engineering Performance, Delivering Reliability.

Quality Control & Inspection Standards

SEA LION INTERNATIONAL

INDUSTRIAL SPECIFICATION REPORT: REFURBISHMENT STANDARD REV. 2026
DOCUMENT ID: SL-REF-STD-2026-01
EFFECTIVE DATE: 01 JANUARY 2026

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1. SCOPE & APPLICABILITY

This specification defines the mandatory refurbishment protocol for pre-owned vocational trucks (hereafter “refurbishment units”) acquired by SEA LION International. Target units include Class 6-8 trucks with prior service in construction, aggregate, or heavy haul applications. All processes adhere to ISO 9001:2015 and SAE J2807 compliance frameworks. Note: “Sapaugh” is not recognized industry terminology; this report addresses standard pre-owned truck refurbishment.

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2. SEA LION REFURBISHMENT PROCESS: CORE STEPS

SEA LION mandates 100% compliance with the following steps. Non-conforming units are rejected at any inspection stage.

2.1 ENGINE & GEARBOX TESTING (STAGE 1: DYNAMIC VALIDATION)

All units undergo 3-phase validation on calibrated dynamometers. Units failing Stage 1 are scrapped.

Test Parameter	SEA LION TOLERANCE	Measurement Method	Pass/Fail Threshold
Crankcase Pressure	≤ 0.8 psi @ 2,500 RPM	Pressure transducer (SAE J1756)	> 0.8 psi = FAIL
Gearbox Shift Consistency	± 0.15 sec variance	Robotic actuator (ISO 1585)	> 0.25 sec = FAIL
Oil Contamination (ISO)	Class ≤ 18/16/13	Laser particle counter	Exceeding class = FAIL
Torque Curve Deviation	≤ 3.5% nominal	Dyno sweep (SAE J1349)	> 4.0% = FAIL

Outcome: Engines/gearboxes exceeding thresholds undergo full teardown or replacement. No field repairs permitted.

2.2 CABIN REPAINTING (STAGE 2: SURFACE RESTORATION)

Conducted in ISO Class 8 cleanroom environments to eliminate particulate contamination.

• Surface Prep:
• Abrasive blasting to SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2 standard (near-white metal).
• E-coat application (75–85 μm thickness, ASTM D4138 verified).
• Paint Application:
• 2K polyurethane topcoat (SEA LION Spec. SL-PNT-2026).
• Film thickness: 120–140 μm (dry), measured per ISO 2808.
• Quality Control:
• Adhesion test (ASTM D3359): ≥ 4B rating.
• Gloss retention: ≥ 85% @ 60° after 500 hrs UV exposure (SAE J1960).

Outcome: Zero tolerance for orange peel, runs, or substrate exposure. Rejection rate: 2.1% (2025 data).

2.3 NEW TIRES & BATTERY REPLACEMENT (STAGE 3: MOBILITY SYSTEMS)

OEM-equivalent components only. No remanufactured parts permitted.

Component	SEA LION SPECIFICATION	Verification Protocol
Tires	Load Range F (16 PR), M+S rated, ≥ 150k km tread life (ASTM F519)	Load test @ 120% rated capacity; no deformation
Batteries	Group 31 AGM, 950 CCA min., 120-min reserve capacity (SAE J537)	Cold-cranking dyno test @ -18°C

Outcome: Tires/batteries serialized and logged to unit VIN. Lifetime tracking via SEA LION Telematics.

2.4 CHASSIS REINFORCEMENT (STAGE 4: STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY)

Mandatory for units with > 300,000 km prior service or documented structural stress.

• Process:
• Laser-scanned for deformations (tolerance: ±0.5 mm/m).
• Critical zones (kingpin mounts, suspension brackets) reinforced with ASTM A572 Gr. 50 steel.
• Robotic MIG welding (AWS D1.1 certified); 100% ultrasonic testing (ASTM E1961).
• Validation:
• Load test: 150% GVWR static load for 4 hours.
• Deflection limit: ≤ 2.5 mm at mid-rail (per SAE J2905).

Outcome: Reinforcement zones tagged with QR-coded ID. Full test data accessible via SEA LION Portal.

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3. SEA LION INSPECTION STANDARDS: KEY DIFFERENTIATORS

SEA LION exceeds industry norms via:
– Zero-Defect Policy: 147-point inspection checklist; 3 independent verifiers per unit.
– Traceability: Blockchain-logged component history (ISO 22741 compliant).
– Failure Rate: < 0.8% post-refurbishment field failures (2025 fleet data vs. industry avg. 3.4%).
– Certification: Final sign-off requires Certified Inspector (ASE L3) + SEA LION Master Technician.

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4. OPERATIONAL VALUE PROPOSITION

Metric	SEA LION REFURBISHED UNIT	Industry Standard
Mean Time Between Failures	14,200 hours	9,800 hours
Residual Value (3 yrs)	68% of new cost	52% of new cost
Downtime Reduction	37% vs. non-refurbished	18%

Data source: SEA LION Fleet Analytics, 2025 (n=2,140 units)

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5. CONCLUSION

SEA LION’s 2026 refurbishment standard delivers operational parity with new equipment through quantifiable engineering rigor. Every unit undergoes 8.2x more validation steps than baseline industry requirements, directly reducing total cost of ownership (TCO) for fleet operations in high-stress environments. Units certified under this specification carry a 12-month component warranty backed by SEA LION’s global service network.

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APPROVED BY: SEA LION International Engineering Council
REPORT AUTHORITY: Senior Engineering Directorate, SEA LION International
This document supersedes all prior revisions. Unauthorized modification voids certification.

Shipping & Logistics Solutions

Industrial Specification Report 2026

Prepared by: SEA LION International – Senior Engineering Division
Subject: Export Logistics Solutions for Used Trucks (Sapaugh Classification) from China
Target Audience: Fleet Managers, Construction Equipment Procurement Officers, and Logistics Coordinators

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Executive Summary

This report evaluates three primary maritime transport methods—Roll-on/Roll-off (RO-RO), Bulk Cargo, and Flat Rack container shipping—for the export of used trucks (commonly categorized under “Sapaugh” classification) from China to global markets. The analysis focuses on cost-efficiency, transit reliability, vehicle integrity, and corrosion mitigation, with specific attention to wax-based anti-seawater protection systems. Recommendations are tailored for fleet managers and construction firms requiring high-volume, low-damage equipment delivery.

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1. Scope and Application

• Commodity: Used commercial and construction trucks (e.g., dump trucks, mixers, heavy haulers) sourced from Chinese secondary markets.
• Origin: Major Chinese ports (Shanghai, Qingdao, Guangzhou, Tianjin).
• Destination: Southeast Asia, Middle East, Africa, Latin America.
• Classification: “Sapaugh” denotes pre-owned, operational-grade trucks with moderate wear; typically 5–10 years old.

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2. Comparative Logistics Modalities

Parameter	RO-RO (Roll-on/Roll-off)	Bulk Cargo (Lo-Lo)	Flat Rack Container (20’/40′)
Loading Method	Self-driven onto vessel	Lifted by crane (non-operational OK)	Secured on open-frame container
Vehicle Condition	Must be operational	Can be non-operational	Operational or non-operational
Capacity per Vessel	300–600 units	50–150 units (space-dependent)	1–2 units per 40′ FR
Port Infrastructure	Requires RO-RO terminal	Standard multipurpose terminal	Standard container terminal
Transit Time	Fast (direct routing)	Moderate (handling delays)	Moderate to slow (container stack)
Damage Risk	Low (driven carefully)	High (crane handling impact)	Medium (exposure to elements)
Cost per Unit (USD)	$800–$1,200	$600–$900	$1,400–$2,000
Best For	High-volume, operational fleets	Non-running units, mixed cargo	Oversized or irregularly shaped trucks

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3. Corrosion Protection: Wax Spraying System

3.1. Requirement

Exposure to salt-laden maritime environments during transit (7–30 days) poses significant risk of galvanic and surface corrosion on undercarriages, chassis frames, and hydraulic components.

3.2. Recommended Solution: Industrial Wax Encapsulation

• Material: Solvent-based, hydrophobic synthetic wax (e.g., lanolin-derived or polyurethane-modified).
• Application Method: High-pressure spray (15–20 bar) post-cleaning and degreasing.
• Coverage Areas:
• Chassis rails
• Suspension components
• Brake lines and fuel tanks
• Wheel hubs and undercarriage weld zones
• Thickness: 50–75 µm dry film
• Performance: Repels seawater, resists salt ingress, remains flexible across temperature ranges (-10°C to +60°C).
• Post-Delivery: Easily removed with industrial solvents or steam cleaning; non-toxic residue.

Note: Wax treatment adds $45–$75 per truck but reduces post-arrival rework by up to 70%, per SEA LION field studies (2024–2025).

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4. Risk Assessment Matrix

Risk Factor	RO-RO	Bulk Cargo	Flat Rack
Corrosion Exposure	Medium	High	High
Mechanical Damage	Low	High	Medium
Theft/Vandalism	Low	Medium	Medium
Delay at Port	Low	Medium	High
Weather Exposure	Low (enclosed)	High	High
Re-Work Post-Delivery	5–8%	15–22%	10–14%

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5. Recommendations

For Fleet Managers (High-Volume, Operational Trucks):

• Preferred Mode: RO-RO
• Lowest per-unit cost for running vehicles.
• Minimal handling = reduced damage.
• Combine with wax spraying for corrosion protection.

For Construction Companies (Mixed Condition, Oversized Units):

• Preferred Mode: Flat Rack
• Accommodates wide loads (e.g., crane trucks, mixers).
• Allows full wax encapsulation pre-loading.
• Secure lashing points reduce shift during heavy seas.

For Salvage or Non-Running Units:

• Preferred Mode: Bulk Cargo
• Cost-effective for non-operational trucks.
• Requires full undercarriage waxing due to prolonged exposure.

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6. Compliance and Documentation

All shipments must adhere to:
– IMSBC Code (for Bulk)
– IMDG Code (if fuels/lubricants remain)
– Customs Declaration (China Export License for Used Vehicles)
– Pre-shipment Inspection (PSI) per importing country standards (e.g., GCC, SONCAP)

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7. Conclusion

RO-RO remains the most efficient method for exporting operational used trucks from China, offering speed and structural safety. Flat Rack provides flexibility for oversized construction vehicles, while Bulk Cargo suits non-running units at lower cost. Universal application of industrial wax spraying is strongly advised across all modalities to mitigate seawater corrosion and ensure operational readiness upon arrival.

SEA LION International recommends integrated logistics packages combining mode selection, wax protection, and route optimization for fleet and construction sector clients.

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End of Report
SEA LION International – Engineering Division | 2026 Q2 Update