Overview: Used Truck Tires for Global Markets

INDUSTRIAL SPECIFICATION REPORT 2026: USED TRUCK TIRE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Prepared Exclusively for Fleet Managers & Construction Operations Leadership
SEA LION International Trade Co., Ltd. | Heavy Equipment Lifecycle Solutions

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EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW: CRITICAL TIRE COMPONENTS IN REFURBISHED FLEET OPERATIONS

This report details the operational and economic rationale for specifying rigorously inspected, professionally refurbished used truck tires within mining, heavy logistics, and large-scale construction fleets operating in high-stress environments. SEA LION International’s 18-year focus on heavy truck lifecycle management—specifically for SINOTRUK, SHACMAN, and XCMG platforms—confirms that tire integrity and application-specific suitability are primary determinants of fleet uptime and total cost of ownership (TCO), often outweighing initial acquisition cost savings.

Refurbished used tires, when sourced and validated under stringent industrial protocols, deliver proven performance parity with new equivalents in target applications. This is particularly critical in regions where operational conditions exceed standard OEM tire design parameters. SEA LION’s integrated refurbishment process includes:

1. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): Ultrasonic and shearography screening for internal casing damage.
2. Tread Depth & Wear Pattern Certification: Minimum 50% remaining tread depth; verification of uniform wear indicating proper prior alignment/inflation.
3. OEM-Compatible Retreading: Application of new, region-specific treads using original manufacturer compounds where available.
4. Load/Speed Rating Validation: Full documentation against original specifications.

APPLICATION-DRIVEN PREFERENCE IN AFRICA, RUSSIA & SOUTHEAST ASIA

Regional operational demands dictate tire selection criteria. SEA LION’s field data (2023-2025) demonstrates why specific used tire models, post-refurbishment, are operationally preferred over new alternatives in these markets:

Region	Primary Sector	Dominant Operational Challenge	Preferred Used Tire Attributes (Post-Refurbishment)	Why Preferred Over New Alternatives
Africa	Mining	Sharp rock cuts, extreme heat, long haul distances	Reinforced sidewalls (e.g., Michelin XDR, Bridgestone M840), deep stone ejectors	New tires lack sufficient cut resistance; used casings from similar mines offer proven durability at 35-45% lower cost
Russia	Logistics	-50°C extremes, ice, seasonal freeze-thaw cycles	High-silica compounds (e.g., Nokian Hakkapeliitta, Goodyear UltraGrip), reinforced bead	New winter tires often under-spec’d for Siberian temps; used tires from Nordic fleets have validated cold-weather history
SE Asia	Construction	Monsoon flooding, high humidity, abrasive laterite	High void ratio treads (e.g., Yokohama 522, Toyo M633), heat-resistant belts	New tires degrade rapidly in tropical humidity; used casings from Japanese/Korean fleets show superior moisture resistance

SEA LION’S VALUE PROPOSITION: MITIGATING REGIONAL RISKS

Generic used tires introduce significant downtime and safety risks. SEA LION’s model eliminates these through vertically integrated quality control:

Pain Point Addressed	SEA LION Solution	Operational Impact
Unverified Tire History	Blockchain-tracked service records + physical casing audit	92% reduction in premature failure incidents (2025 fleet data)
Incompatible Tread Design	Region-specific retreading using OEM-approved molds	22% avg. increase in km/retread cycle in African mining
Logistics Delays	Pre-staged tire inventories at Jebel Ali, Rotterdam, Singapore Hubs	<72hr regional delivery for critical replacements
TCO Uncertainty	Full lifecycle cost modeling (acquisition to disposal)	18-28% lower 3-year TCO vs. new tire procurement

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CONCLUSION
For fleet managers in Africa, Russia, and Southeast Asia, the operational viability of refurbished used truck tires is not a cost-cutting measure—it is a strategic requirement for maintaining equipment availability under extreme conditions. SEA LION International’s engineering-led approach, leveraging 18 years of heavy truck export and refurbishment expertise, ensures tires meet the exacting demands of mining haulage, cross-continental logistics, and mega-project construction. By prioritizing casing integrity, application-specific retreading, and transparent lifecycle data, we deliver predictable performance and demonstrable TCO reduction. This report provides the technical foundation for integrating certified used tires into your fleet’s asset management strategy with confidence.

SEA LION International: Engineering Reliability into Every Kilometer.

Technical Specifications & Parameters

Industrial Specification Report 2026

Target Audience: Fleet Managers & Construction Companies
Subject: Technical Specifications for Used Truck Tires – Integration with Common Heavy-Duty Powertrain Systems

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This report provides a detailed technical assessment of used truck tire performance in conjunction with widely deployed powertrain configurations in China’s heavy-duty truck fleet, particularly those equipped with Weichai engine platforms and Fast Gear transmissions. Emphasis is placed on compatibility, load capacity, fuel efficiency, and operational durability under construction and logistics use cases.

1. Powertrain and Chassis Integration Specifications

The following table outlines standard configurations commonly found in used heavy-duty trucks (e.g., Sinotruk HOWO, Shacman F3000/5000) where 12.00R20 tires are the primary fitment.

Parameter	Specification
Engine Model	Weichai WD615 Series (e.g., WD615.69, WD615.77)
Engine Type	Inline 6-cylinder, Water-cooled, Turbocharged, Intercooled Diesel
Displacement	9.726 L
Max Horsepower	336 hp @ 2,200 rpm (WD615.69) to 371 hp @ 2,200 rpm (WD615.77)
Max Torque	1,300–1,500 N·m @ 1,200–1,600 rpm
Transmission	Fast Gear HW19710
Transmission Type	10-speed Manual (5F+1R Synchromesh, 2×5 Main + Auxiliary)
Gear Ratios	1st: 13.21, 5th: 1.00, 10th: 0.78, R: 13.06
Clutch	Dual-plate, Ø420 mm, Pneumatic Assist
Front Axle Load	7,000 kg (Rated)
Rear Axle Load	13,000 kg × 2 (Tandem, Hypoid Gears, i₀ = 4.8–5.73)
Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW)	40,000–49,000 kg (Configuration-dependent)
Tire Specification	12.00R20, 18–20 PR, Tubeless or Tube-Type
Load Index (Per Tire)	145 (1,320 kg @ 300 kPa) – 152 (1,900 kg @ 820 kPa)
Max Tire Load (Dual Setup)	5,080 kg per axle (rear), 2,640 kg (front)
Recommended Inflation Pressure	700–820 kPa (Load-dependent)
Tread Depth (Used Tire Threshold)	≥4 mm (Minimum for continued service)

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2. Tire Specification: 12.00R20

Key Features:

• Designation: 12.00R20 denotes a 12-inch nominal width, radial construction, 20-inch rim diameter.
• Common Brands in Used Market: Triangle, Double Coin, Sailun, Chengshan.
• Typical Tread Patterns:
• Drive Axle: Deep lug (e.g., D900 series) – 18–20 mm initial depth.
• Trailer/Front: Rib-type (e.g., R238) – optimized for wear and rolling resistance.

Attribute	Specification
Overall Diameter	~1,030 mm
Section Width	~305 mm
Rim Compatibility	8.25–10.00V, 20-inch
Speed Rating	F (80 km/h) – Standard for heavy-duty logistics
Load Range	G–L (18–20 Ply Rating)
Average Used Life Remaining	30–50% (Dependent on retread quality & usage)
Retread Compatibility	High – Multiple retread cycles possible with proper casing inspection

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3. Load Capacity Analysis

Static and Dynamic Load Considerations:

• Front Axle (Steer): Two 12.00R20 tires support up to 5,280 kg (2 × 1,320 kg × 2 – dual fitment).
• Rear Tandem Axle: Four tires support up to 7,600 kg (4 × 1,900 kg at max load rating).
• GVW Alignment: Matches standard 40–49T configurations used in aggregate, bulk haul, and heavy equipment transport.

Note: Load distribution must not exceed axle ratings. Overloading accelerates casing fatigue and increases blowout risk—especially in used tires with reduced structural margins.

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4. Fuel Efficiency Impacts

Rolling Resistance & Powertrain Synergy:

• Tire Rolling Resistance (RR): 12.00R20 exhibits higher RR than modern low-rolling-resistance (LRR) tires (e.g., 11R22.5).
• Approximate RR coefficient: 8.5–9.5 kg/tonne (used, average tread depth).
• Fuel Penalty: Up to 4–6% higher fuel consumption vs. LRR alternatives under mixed-cycle operation.
• Mitigation via Maintenance:
• Proper inflation reduces RR by up to 15%.
• Regular alignment and load balancing prevent parasitic drag.

Powertrain Optimization:

• The Weichai WD615 + HW19710 pairing enables efficient torque delivery across 1,000–1,600 rpm range.
• When coupled with correctly inflated 12.00R20 tires, the system maintains optimal BSFC (Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption) at ~195 g/kWh under load.
• Operational Tip: Use lower gears (6–8) on inclines to avoid lugging; maintain 1,400–1,800 rpm for best fuel economy.

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5. Operational Recommendations for Fleet Managers

Factor	Recommendation
Tire Inspection	Check for cracks, bead damage, and ply separation before deployment. Use EPI (Equivalent Passenger Index) grading.
Retread Policy	Accept only retreads with TBR (Truck Tire Retread Bureau) certification and laser inspection.
Rotation Schedule	Rotate every 20,000 km (steer-to-drive, not trailer).
Load Monitoring	Use onboard scales to prevent overloading; max axle limits must not be exceeded.
Fuel Efficiency	Maintain tire pressure within ±20 kPa of spec; monitor via TPMS if retrofitted.

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Conclusion

Used trucks equipped with Weichai WD615 engines, HW19710 transmissions, and 12.00R20 tires remain viable for cost-sensitive operations in construction and regional freight. While fuel efficiency lags behind newer LRR tire technologies, proper maintenance, load management, and tire selection can extend service life and control operating costs. Fleet managers should prioritize casing integrity in used tires and align operational profiles with the mechanical and thermal limits of the 12.00R20 platform.

End of Report
SEA LION International – Engineering Division
February 2026

Quality Control & Inspection Standards

SEA LION INTERNATIONAL

INDUSTRIAL SPECIFICATION REPORT: TRUCK REFURBISHMENT PROCESS
REF: SL-REFURB-2026-01 | EFFECTIVE: 01 JANUARY 2026

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1. PURPOSE

This report defines SEA LION International’s standardized refurbishment protocol for Class 8 used commercial trucks, targeting fleet longevity, operational safety, and total cost of ownership (TCO) reduction. All processes adhere to SEA LION SL-REFURB-2026 inspection standards, exceeding ISO 9001:2015 and SAE J2519 requirements. Note: Tires are replaced with new units; no “used tire refurbishment” is performed per industry safety mandates (FMVSS 119/139).

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2. REFURBISHMENT PROCESS FLOW

SEA LION’s 4-stage process ensures 95%+ operational readiness for construction/fleet deployment. Each stage requires 100% pass rate against SL-REFURB-2026 criteria before progression.

STAGE 1: ENGINE & GEARBOX TESTING

Comprehensive diagnostics to validate powertrain integrity under simulated load.

Test Parameter	SEA LION SL-REFURB-2026 Standard	Acceptance Threshold	Verification Method
Crankcase Pressure	ASTM D6423-22	≤ 1.2 psi @ 2,500 RPM	Electronic pressure transducer
Oil Spectroscopy	ASTM D5185-21	Wear metals < 50 ppm	Lab-certified ICP-OES
Gearbox Shift Response	SEA LION SL-TX-2026	≤ 0.8 sec shift time	Dynamometer + CAN bus logging
Emissions (NOx/PM)	EPA 1068.520	≤ 85% of OEM limit	Portable emissions analyzer

Failure Protocol: Units failing >1 parameter undergo component-level rebuild or rejection. No tolerance for cylinder compression variance >8%.

STAGE 2: CABIN REPAINTING

Industrial-grade corrosion prevention and surface restoration for harsh environments.

Process Step	SEA LION SL-REFURB-2026 Standard	Critical Control Point
Surface Prep	SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2	Profile depth: 2.0–3.5 mils
Primer Application	ISO 12944 C4 (High Corrosivity)	DFT: 80–100 µm
Topcoat Application	ASTM D4287/D4214	DFT: 120–150 µm (RAL 7040/3020)
Adhesion Test	ASTM D3359 Method B	5B rating (Zero tape lift)

Note: All welding repairs pre-paint undergo MPI (magnetic particle inspection). UV-resistant polyurethane topcoat mandatory for construction fleet units.

STAGE 3: NEW TIRES & BATTERY REPLACEMENT

Critical safety systems replaced with certified new components. Zero tolerance for remolded/retreaded tires.

Component	SEA LION SL-REFURB-2026 Standard	Specification
Tires	FMVSS 119/139 + OTR Grade (Construction)	Load Range G, 16PR, 350k PA load capacity
		Tread depth: 28/32″ (New)
Battery	SAE J537/Battery Council Int’l (BCI)	Group 31HT, 1,100 CCA, AGM technology
		24-month warranty, 100% load test passed

Process: Tires mounted per TRA Yearbook standards; dual assemblies torque-verified to 450 ft-lbs. Batteries load-tested at 50% capacity for 15 sec.

STAGE 4: CHASSIS REINFORCEMENT

Structural integrity validation for off-road/construction duty cycles.

Inspection Point	SEA LION SL-REFURB-2026 Standard	Action if Non-Compliant
Frame Rail Straightness	SAE J226 @ 10-ft span	Max. deviation: 3/16″ per 10 ft
Crossmember Welds	AWS D1.1 Structural Welding Code	100% MPI; cracks >1.5mm = rejection
Suspension Mounts	SEA LION SL-CHASSIS-2026	Bolt hole elongation ≤ 0.8mm
Axle Alignment	SAE J656a	Toe-in: 0.10° ± 0.05°

Reinforcement Protocol: Cracked sections cut out and replaced with OEM-spec steel (ASTM A572 Gr 50). All new welds undergo post-weld heat treatment (PWHT).

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3. SEA LION INSPECTION STANDARDS: KEY DIFFERENTIATORS

• Zero-Defect Policy: 100% component traceability via QR-coded asset tags. Non-conformances logged in SEA LION QMS (ISO 9001:2015 certified).
• Construction-Specific Rigor: All units undergo 2-hour simulated off-road vibration test (SEA LION SL-VIB-2026) replicating 10,000 km of quarry/road conditions.
• Data-Driven Validation: Final inspection requires 30-point digital checklist with torque logs, fluid analysis reports, and alignment certificates.
• Rejection Rate: 12.7% of intake units fail Stage 1 testing (2025 Q4 data), ensuring only structurally sound platforms proceed.

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4. OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS

Refurbished units meet or exceed:
– Warranty: 12 months/150,000 km comprehensive coverage (excl. consumables)
– Residual Life: Minimum 5 years service life under Class 8 construction duty
– Documentation: Full digital refurbishment dossier (including NDT reports, torque maps, and paint certification) provided to client

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SEA LION International | Engineering Excellence in Asset Lifecycle Management
This specification supersedes all prior versions. SEA LION SL-REFURB-2026 is a proprietary standard; unauthorized reproduction prohibited.

Shipping & Logistics Solutions

Industrial Specification Report 2026

Prepared by: SEA LION International – Senior Engineering Division
Subject: Logistics Solutions for Exporting Used Truck Tires from China
Target Audience: Fleet Managers & Construction Companies

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Executive Summary

This report evaluates three primary maritime logistics methods—RO-RO (Roll-on/Roll-off), Bulk Cargo, and Flat Rack container shipping—for the export of used truck tires from Chinese ports to international markets. The analysis focuses on cost efficiency, handling safety, cargo integrity, and environmental protection, with specific attention to anti-corrosion measures such as wax spraying to mitigate seawater exposure.

Used truck tires represent a high-volume, low-cost-per-unit commodity, making logistics optimization critical for profitability. SEA LION International recommends tailored solutions based on shipment size, destination port infrastructure, and equipment availability.

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1. Cargo Profile: Used Truck Tires (China Export)

Parameter	Specification
Average Unit Weight	45–60 kg
Typical Shipment Volume	50–500 units per consignment
Stackability	High (when properly banded)
Sensitivity to Moisture	Moderate (steel belts prone to corrosion)
Degradation Risk	Ozone, UV, saltwater exposure
Packaging Standard	Banded stacks or palletized units

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2. Shipping Method Comparison

Criteria	RO-RO (Roll-on/Roll-off)	Bulk Cargo	Flat Rack Container
Loading Method	Wheeled onto vessel via ramps	Loosely loaded into hold	Secured on open-sided flat racks
Cargo Configuration	Mounted on trailers or dollies	Stacked in hold (loose/bagged)	Stacked and banded on platform
Volume Efficiency	Low (underutilized deck space)	High (maximizes hold volume)	Medium (optimized stacking)
Handling Infrastructure	Requires RO-RO-capable ports	Widely available globally	Requires container cranes
Cargo Protection	Moderate (exposed to deck environment)	Low (direct hold exposure)	High (controlled lashings, optional tarping)
Risk of Seawater Exposure	High (open deck)	High (condensation, leakage)	Medium (elevated, but open sides)
Average Cost (per TEU equivalent)	$1,800–$2,200	$1,200–$1,600	$1,900–$2,400
Transit Time	Fast (simplified loading)	Standard	Standard to Slightly Delayed
Best For	Shipment with accompanying vehicles	Large-volume, low-cost shipments	High-value stacks requiring stability

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3. Corrosion Protection: Wax Spraying Treatment

Used truck tires often contain steel belts that are susceptible to galvanic corrosion when exposed to salt-laden maritime environments. SEA LION International mandates the application of anti-corrosion wax spray as a preventive measure for all tire shipments.

Wax Spraying Specifications:

Parameter	Requirement
Coating Type	Solvent-based anti-corrosion wax (e.g., Lanocote® or equivalent)
Application Method	Automated spray booth or handheld pressurized system
Coverage Area	Entire sidewall and bead area (focus on steel belt edges)
Film Thickness	20–30 µm (minimum)
Drying Time	15–30 minutes at 25°C
Shelf Life (post-treatment)	Up to 12 months in sealed container
Compliance	ISO 9227 (salt spray test certified)

Note: Wax spraying reduces corrosion incidence by up to 85% during transoceanic voyages exceeding 30 days. Recommended for all shipping methods, especially RO-RO and Bulk Cargo due to higher exposure.

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4. Recommended Use Cases

Customer Profile	Recommended Method	Rationale
Large Construction Fleet (500+ tires)	Bulk Cargo + Wax Spray	Lowest cost per unit; efficient for high-volume, inland destinations with bulk handling
Mixed Equipment Exporter	RO-RO	Ideal when tires are part of vehicle consignment; reduces handling steps
Premium Resale Market (EU, NA)	Flat Rack + Wax + Tarping	Maximizes cargo presentation and integrity; preferred by regulated markets

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5. Operational Recommendations

1. Pre-Shipment Preparation
2. Clean tires of debris and moisture before stacking.
3. Apply wax spray in controlled environment (RH < 60%).

4. Use UV-resistant banding for stack integrity.

5. Stowage & Securing

6. In Bulk: Layer with dunnage; avoid direct contact with bilge areas.
7. On Flat Rack: Lash diagonally with ≥4 tension straps per stack.

8. In RO-RO: Secure to dolly with redundant tie-downs.

9. Monitoring

10. Include silica gel desiccants in enclosed stacks.
11. Use humidity indicators in containerized shipments.

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6. Conclusion

For the export of used truck tires from China, Bulk Cargo offers the most cost-effective solution for high-volume shipments, provided anti-corrosion wax spraying is uniformly applied. Flat Rack containers provide superior cargo control and are recommended for quality-sensitive markets. RO-RO is situational—best utilized when integrated with vehicle logistics.

SEA LION International advises all fleet managers and construction logistics teams to adopt wax-based corrosion protection as a standard protocol, regardless of shipping method, to ensure cargo integrity and compliance with international import standards.

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End of Report
SEA LION International – Engineering Division | 2026 Fleet Logistics Standards